Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates, Currently correctly called sugars, They are practically only created in the plant world as a result of the photosynthesis process.
From a chemical point of view, carbohydrates can be divided into simple and complex. For simplification, we will call simple carbohydrates. These include. pentozy (o 5 coal atoms) i heksozy (o 6 coal atoms in the molecule).
The greatest importance for our body from one -channels (monosaccharides) supplied with food: glucose, fructose, Galaktoza I Mannoza. They occur in food only sometimes in a pure amount, e.g.. in grapes, honey.
Complex carbohydrates, in which they include 2 straight sugar particles, We describe as two (oligosacharydy). The most important two -clips made of two molecules belong: Sacharoza, laktoza I maltoza.
The most commonly consumed two -clip in a short -term period is sucrose, which includes one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule. Beet sugar is almost pure sucrose. More complex, and interesting from the discussed point of view, Carbohydrates called multi -chasse (polysaccharides) it's mainly starch, glycogen and cellulose.
Starch is the main multi -gray (polysaccharide) in human nutrition. Occurs primarily in cereal grains, potatoes, root vegetables. One starch molecule includes over 1000 glucose molecule connected with each other with glycosidic bonds.
The use of complex carbohydrates in the food of starchy requires glycosidic bonds to the form of simple sugars. This is done in the digestive tract and two types of enzymes are responsible for this process: amylase contained in saliva and pancreatic juice and glycoside hydrolase located in the membrane of the small intestine cells. The starch is digested in the human body in principle after thermal treatment, not raw. The final product of the reaction catalyzed by amylas are two -cloth, However, as a result of the operation of glycoside hydrolase, simple sugars are formed from them. Simple sugars get into the liver after absorption. Such screenshras as fructose or mannose can transform into glucose in the liver.