SYMPTOMS
♦ Częste pragnienie, painful urine pressure.
♦ Oddawanie moczu w małych ilościach.
♦ Pocenie i obrzęki rąk, enough, swelling under the eyes.
♦ Nieprzyjemny zapach z ust, During breathing, the smell of urine.
♦ Ciągle uczucie zmęczenia, shortening.
♦ Brak apetytu.
♦ Nadciśnienie.
♦ Bladość skóry.
♦ Suchość i utrzymujący się świąd skóry.
♦ U dzieci zwiększona męczliwość i senność, loss of appetite, possibly a slower increase compared to other children.
The kidneys are located on both sides of the spine, they are an even organ of the urinary tract and are necessary for human life. They cleanse blood of various substances, excess fluid, maintain the correct chemical composition of the whole body and regulate blood pressure.
If the kidneys are attacked by the disease, The functions of them may be disturbed. Harmful substances are not excreted from the body then, accumulate in various other organs and cause various clinical symptoms, sweating of arms and legs, shortening, the need for frequent urination. If the disease process is not stopped, There is a danger of complete kidney destruction. Kidney function disorders can cause human death.
Causes
Kidney disease may have acute mileage (If their function is disturbed suddenly) or chronic (If it comes to gradual, sometimes lasting kidney damage). Chronic disease is very dangerous, Because it runs for a long time asymptomatic, and the symptoms appear only with permanent damage to the organ.
The causes of chronic kidney disease can be different. They often result from other diseases, diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis – In these diseases, blood flow through the kidneys is reduced. Lichen erythema and other auto -aggressive diseases damage the blood vessels, disturb the blood flow through the kidneys and cause inflammation.
Some chronically kidney disease, Just like cystic degeneration (Cysts grow inside the kidney), are genetically conditioned. Other diseases are innate – arise as a result of abnormal fetal urinary tract development in the womb and predispose to chronic inflammation.
Chronic kidney disease can also be caused by exposure to toxic chemicals, Drugs and drugs, np. heroin. Scientists think, that excessive amounts of vitamin D and proteins contained in the diet of the elderly and chronically patients can additionally damage the kidneys. Often, however, the cause of the disease cannot be determined.
Acute kidney disease can occur suddenly, If the blood flow through the kidneys is reduced. An example is myocardial infarction, traffic accident, severe infection or toxic reaction to drugs.
Consuming or inhaling some toxic substances containing methyl alcohol or discharge alcohol, Coal quadruple, Chemicals against freezing and poisoning with a flinth toadstool can suddenly cause kidney damage. Athletes (marathon runners, scales), If they do not drink large amounts of fluid, They can get acute renal failure due to sudden release of muscle protein (mioglobiny), which damages the kidney channels.
Diagnosis and tests
The basic studies are blood and urine tests, and if it is possible, radiological examination, intravenous peal (IVP) In order to visualize the kidneys. Hedgehogs and and recognition is still a problem, A kidney biopsy should be performed, i.e. puncture of the organ with a thin needle and download a fragment of the kidney tissue for microscopic examination.
TREATMENT
Kidney disease often lasts throughout their lives and therefore require constant treatment. Natural methods can supplement basic treatment, but you should get the doctor's consent.
Drugs due to diabetes and hypertension also prevent the progress of chronic kidney disease. In delaying the symptoms of the disease and in stopping the destructive process, the diet is sometimes very helpful. However, if the kidney is completely damaged, There are only two possibilities of continuing to maintain life: dialysis, that is, artificial blood purification, or kidney transplantation.
Conventional medicine
Treatment of kidney disease is long -lasting and the doctor usually prescribes a lot of drugs, Because the symptoms are diverse. Due to hypertension, the patient receives preparations acting on the Renina-angiotensin system and limiting kidney damage as well as diuretics lowering blood pressure. To maintain the correct homeostasis in the body and regulate the acid-base balance, the patient receives sodium ionial resins, which reduce potassium concentration, and calcium citrate, blocking the absorption of phosphate in the stomach.
If the number of red blood cells has decreased, The patient should receive iron preparations that treat anemia. Sometimes it is recommended to take additional doses of calcium, which prevents bone inversion, frequent ailments in kidney disease. The doctor should be consulted with any changes in treatment and the use of other commonly available pharmaceuticals, Because many of them are excreted by the kidneys and can additionally damage them. Do not take ibuprofen and paracetamol, Because they potentially damage the kidneys.
Many doctors, Despite the controversial opinions, recommends using a special diet {Look: Nutrition). Some say, that the strict limitation of protein in the diet can undo many symptoms or even prevent their occurrence. This is especially true for diabetics. Scientists have confirmed, that people, which maintain a strict diet and do not allow blood glucose to fluctuations, They can delay the progress of kidney disease.
Dialysis, that is, the use of an artificial kidney, timely moving kidney functions, They save the lives of patients with very advanced diseases. There are two options for using dialysis. Hemodialysis consists in the use of an external blood cleansing filter. The surgeon puts on a small vascular fistula connecting the artery with a vein usually on the shoulder or leg. Thanks to this interference connected to a special device, you can diagnose the patient several times a week by 3-4 hours.
Another method is on peritoneal dialysis, in which the peritoneum is used as a natural blood filter. The plastic tube remains by the surgeon to the patient's abdomen. During each dialysis of the abdominal cavity, a dialysis fluid is injected. Blood filtering takes several hours, and flushing the peritoneal cavity is repeated 3-5 times a day. While the liquid remains in the peritoneal cavity, The patient can perform ordinary activities.
Both dialysis methods can cause many complications, of which the most common is infection. Stress related to these procedures affects patients even emotionally stable. For this reason, patients with chronic renal failure prefer to undergo kidney transplantation. New drugs that protect against rejection of the organ have significantly improved the effectiveness of this method. Currently, a three -year survival after a live donor relief surgery reaches 75%, However, from the donor of the deceased unrelated – 60%.
Not every patient can be a transplant candidate; A patient with another basic disease may not be qualified for the transplant.