Proteins belong to the most complex group of organic compounds. They are made up of amino acids, which are connected with large molecules with the help of peptide bonds. These are bonds of amine groups and carboxyl groups - nh—. Amino acids, which were currently separated by around 20 with different structure, are ranked strictly for a given type of protein.
The qualitative and quantitative selection of amino acids and their sequence in the molecule differentiates individual types of protein.
Proteins can be divided into simple (proteins) and complex (proteidy). The first consists only or almost exclusively of amino acids. Complex proteins also contain a non -white component, often called ,,a prosthetic group ".
So it stands out: fossforoteidy, nucleoproteides, chromoproteidy, metalloproteids, glycoproteidy, lipoproteidy. These proteins in their composition except coal, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, Elemental compounds that are permanent and characteristic of this group, They have elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, iron, iodine etc..
Some proteins dissolve in the water itself, others after adding acids, rules or salt. Some vegetable proteins dissolve in alcohol, But none of them dissolve in organic solvents.
Protein is - 15-20% of the dry weight of the human body (in soft tissues to 75%). The human system contains about 1500 proteins differing in structure and function. Proteins play the role of not only building and energy material, But acting as enzymes, they determine most of the metabolic processes in the body.